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Ways of Working Together
Networking
--Aware of organization
--Loosely defined rules
--Little communication
--All decisions are made independently
Cooperation
--Provide information to each other
--Somewhat defined roles
--Formal communication
--All decisions are made independently
Coordination
--Share information and resources
--Defined roles
--Frequent communication
--Some shared decision making
Collaboration
--Members belong to one system
--Frequent communication associated with mutual trust
--Consensus is reached on all decisions
The highest level of working together is collaboration. Collaboration results in innovation and systems change. Group members view themselves as belonging to one system in which they and other group members are working toward the same purpose and mutual goals. Team members communicate and work in a manner that builds trust and enables achievement of the goals and purpose. Time and experience working together is generally needed to reach this collaborative level.
Source: Hogue, 1993; Borden & Perkins, 1998, 1999)